https://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/wp_2011-14-508.pdf

"The second set of equations finds, however, that among those workers with DC coverage additional

employer contributions do substitute for money wages. Among male workers, the estimates show that,

for any given level of employee contributions, an additional dollar of employer DC contributions replaces

90 cents of wages for workers with high family income, but only 29 cents for workers with low family

income. Among female workers, an additional dollar of employer DC contributions replaces 99 cents of

wages for those with high family income, but only 11 cents for those with low income."